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| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 1
| Issue : 2 | Page : 88-92 |
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Relevance of Ayurvedic concepts and lifestyle in promoting mental health
Neeru Sharma1, Yadevendra Yadav2, Khem Chand Sharma2
1 Department of Rasa Shastra evum Bhaishajya Kalpana, Gangaputra Ayurvedic Medical College, Kandela (Jind), Haryana, India
2 Department of Rasa Shastra evum Bhaishajya Kalpana, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| Date of Submission | 22-Aug-2022 |
| Date of Acceptance | 30-May-2023 |
| Date of Web Publication | 26-Sep-2023 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Neeru Sharma
Department of Rasa Shastra evum Bhaishajya Kalpana, Gangaputra Ayurvedic Medical College, Kandela (Jind), Haryana 126125
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/jahas.jahas_17_22
Along with physical condition, mental health serves as an analytical indicator of an individual’s overall well-being. But over time, we develop some habits and behaviors that contribute to mental illness. These behaviors include anxiety and depression. Risk factors for mental illness include a diet low in nutrients, stress, lethargy, bad habits (such as abusing drugs, alcohol, or other substances), and insufficient sleep. The burden of providing healthcare is significantly impacted by mental illness, which affects a large portion of the global population. The primary goal of Ayurveda is the promotion of health through the prevention and treatment of ailments through the concepts of Ayurvedic and Yoga practices, leading to good physical and mental health. Aachara Rasayana, Sadvrutta, Aasana, and Pranayama are beneficial for promoting and preventing mental diseases as well as maintaining good mental health. Ancient sciences like Ayurveda and Yoga mention Daivavyapashraya (mantra chanting), the performance of various Homas (sacrifices), Yuktivyapashrya (use of medications and diet), and Satwavajaya (efforts to control the abnormal mental activity by the practice of Yama, Niyama, Aasana, and Pranayama). Keywords: Aachara Rasayana, Aasana, Daivavyapashraya, Pranayama, Sadvrutta, Satwavajaya, Yuktivyapashrya
How to cite this article:
Sharma N, Yadav Y, Sharma KC. Relevance of Ayurvedic concepts and lifestyle in promoting mental health. J Ayurveda Homeopath Allied Health Sci 2022;1:88-92 |
How to cite this URL:
Sharma N, Yadav Y, Sharma KC. Relevance of Ayurvedic concepts and lifestyle in promoting mental health. J Ayurveda Homeopath Allied Health Sci [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Dec 10];1:88-92. Available from: http://www.dpujahas.org/text.asp?2022/1/2/88/386298 |
| Introduction | |  |
In today’s time, the psychological problems are more than physical sufferings. Every person in the world deals with some sort of psychological or mental illness throughout their lifetime. In ancient Indian Darshan Shastra (philosophy), human life is considered an invaluable opportunity to achieve the ultimate goals of life, namely, Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksa.[1] To accomplish all four things, one needs a stress-free and healthy life. WHO defines mental health as a state of wellbeing in which each person is able to reach their full potential, manage the stress of daily life, engage in productive and fruitful employment, and also able to contribute to her/his community.[2] According to a WHO report on depression, minor or serious mental disorders that need for medical attention affect nearly 7.5% of Indians. According to India’s National Health Survey, “Every sixth Indian needs mental health care.”[3] Along Mana (the mind) was seen as a key pillar of the body, along with the Aatma (the soul) and Sharir. These three, Mana, Aatma, and Sharir, are in a balanced state that is similar to being in perfect health.[4] Life, according to Ayurveda, is a collection of the four interdependent components, namely, the body (Sharir), the motor and sensory faculties (Indriya), the mind (Satva), and the soul (Aatma).[5] WHO also includes mental health in the definition of health. Similarly, ancient Ayurvedic scholars defined health on the basis of somatic and psychic thousands of year ago. A person is in perfect health if they have the following characteristics: Sama-dosha (a well-balanced state of Dosha), Sama-Agni (proper metabolism), Sama-dhatu (proportionate body organs and tissues), Sama-kriya (proper physiology), Prasanna Aatmendriya (happy soul with the proper functioning of sense organs), and Swastha Mana (healthy mental status).[6] Four lifestyle factors that Ayurveda addresses can help us maintain excellent health. These include the appropriate diet (Aahara), appropriate entertainment (Vihara), appropriate behavior (Aachara), and appropriate thinking (Vichara).[2] Mental health is a state of maintaining harmony or balance between an individual’s requirements, aspirations, wants, and attitudes with regard to the circumstances in the external world.
Manas and Mansik Roga
The Manas, or mind, is seen as three dimensional in Ayurveda in terms of tri-gunas (spiritually pure subtle component), namely, Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas. Raja signifies activity and dynamism while the Tamas denotes inertia and darkness. Out of these three, Satva is only Shuddha (pure) due to its characteristic feature Kalyanamsha (positive elements). At the same time, Due to their distinct Roshamsha (intense passion/drive) and Mohamsha (being misunderstood) traits, Rajas and Tamas are perceived as impure.[7] Acharya Sushruta also explained that all the Manas Vikaras occurs due to various types of Iccha, that is, desire and Dvesa, that is, hate.[8] Hence, the Raja and Tama are the causative factors of mental disorders. Soon Rajas and Tamas are called as Manas Doshas as Satva never causes any illness.[9] The disturbance in Satva manifests Manasik Roga.
Manas and Ojas
Ojas is the final and most refined essence of all seven Dhatus (tissue elements) having Bala (strength) as its synonym and body ceases to exist in its absence.[10]The operation of several bodily processes and Manas are indirectly related to Ojas. Mental emotions like dread, sadness, and rage drain Ojas, and when Ojas is in its Kshaya state, a person becomes anxious, scared, and their capabilities become impaired. If the Ojas is severely depleted, the person may experience fainting, delirium, bewilderment, or even death.[11] An average level of Ojas is favorable for the proper functioning of the mind and the Ojas is improved by the factors which are suitable for Manas.
Ayurvedic lifestyle recommendations for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disease
It is necessary to establish environments and living conditions that not only support mental health but also enable people to adopt and maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to improve mental health and prevent disease. The main elements that play a key part in achieving good mental health are consumption of healthy “Aahara” as per the prescribed rules[12] adhering to the principles of Dinacharya,[13]Ritucharya,[14]Sadvritta,[15] and Achara Rasayana.[16] For psychiatric diseases, Ayurveda describes numerous single medications and formulations, such as Brahma Rasayanam, Brahmi Ghrita, Kalyanka Ghritam, Mahakalyanaka Ghirtam, Maha-panchgavya Ghrita, Sarasvata Churna, etc.[17]
Dhatusamyata
It is a state of Dhatus equilibrium, which is also Ayurveda’s primary goal.[18] The following traits are listed under Dhatusamyata as subjective indicators for “Vikaropashamana” (disease alleviation), including the equilibrium state of physical and mental well-being:[19]
- The appearance of normal voice and complexion.
- Waking up fresh.
- Proper digestion of meal taken.
- Appetite during feeding time.
- Increase in strength.
- Getting sleep at an appropriate time.
- Nourishment of body.
- Absence of bad dreams.
- Proper passage of urine, stool, semenand flatus.
- Mental, sensory, and intellectual integrity.
- No illness present.
Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa (spiritual therapy)
This therapy involves the use of Mantras (incantations), Mani (precious gems), Oushadhis (sacred herbs), Mangala (propitiatory rites), Niyama (vows), Prayaschitta (repentance), Upavasa (fasts), prostrations, and pilgrimages.[20]
Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa
This mode of Chikitsa refers to the use of Aahara (diet) and Oushadhis (Drugs). Under Aahara, different food articles like Kshira (milk), Ghrta (ghee), Draksa (grapes), Panasa (Artocarpus lacucha), Brahmi (Centellaasiatica), Mahisha Mansa (Bubalusbulalis meat), Sarpa Mansa (snake meat), Kurma Mansa (tortoise meat), Vastuka (Chenopodium berlandieri), Kakamachi (Solanum nigirum), Barhi Mansa (Cacomantis flabelliform meat), Mahakusmanda (Benincasa hispida), Kapittha (Limonia acidissma), Matulunga (Citrus medica), and others are recommended as beneficial in various mental disorders.[21]
Satvavajaya Chikitsa
The word Sattvavajaya refers to self-command, that is, withdrawal of the mind from unwholesome objects. Similar to cognitive behavioral therapy, which is used to treat habit disorder, it can be compared.[22] It includes
- Mano-nigraha (control over mind): controlling the mind and protecting it from negative interactions.
- Dhee-dhairyaatmadi Vijnanam: It offers a deeper degree of comprehension, which ultimately aids in improved mental control.[23]
Gyan, Vigyan, Dhairya, Smriti, and Samadhi were stated by Acharya Charaka as ways to control the mind’s tendency toward unhealthy behaviors.[24]
Role of Pathya Ahara in mental health and illness
Pathya refers to the Aahara (diet) and Vihara (daily and seasonal routine), which are helpful and nutritious to the body and also give happiness to the mind opposite to that are known as Apathya.[25] A healthy diet and lifestyle that appeals to the senses and the mind enhance Tushti (mental satisfaction), Urja (mental strength), and Sukha (happiness), which reduces sickness.[26] A Satvika Aahara not only includes nutritious food but also emphasizes on the importance of adhering to the rules for eating, for example, Asta Aaharavidhi Visheshayatana (eight dietary rule) of Acharya Charaka,[27]Dwadashashan Pravicharana rule of Acharya Susruta.[28] The practice of taking Aahara, which is non-satvika, or Rajasika or Tamasika (constantly for a long period), leads to serious mental diseases like Unmada and Apasmara as well as mental disturbances.[29] According to the Unmada Prakarana of the Charaka Samhita, a person with a sound mind who abstains from alcohol and meat and consumes only wholesome meals keeps themselves both externally and internally pure and is not harmed by either “Nija” or “Agantuja Unmada.[30] Specific diets and health-promoting routines play a crucial role in the treatment aspect together with medications. As a preventative, causative, and therapeutic element, somatic or psychic food is vitally important. A healthy individual can stay healthy and avoid illness with the help of a nutritious diet. By not interfering with the medication’s action and restoring lost vigor in a sick person, it facilitates an easier recovery. Botanical nootropics are described in Ayurveda, which is considered as Buddh-vardhaka, Medhya, Smritikara, etc. Some of the fruits and vegetables having these properties are sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum), ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), garlic (Allium sativum), pomegranate (Punica granatum), black cumin (Bunium bulbocastanum), coconut (Cocos nucifera), etc. which can be included in the diet.[3]
Sadvritta (code of conduct)
When adhered to, the complementary morals and values discussed in Sadvritta modify a person’s belief system, cognitive structure, and perceptual ability, improving his or her condition of positive mental health or Satva.[15] By implementing Swasthvritta’s guiding principles, social and environmental corrections are made, resulting in a less stressed society.[31]
Aachara Rasayana
Rasayan (vitalizers) promotes longevity and prevents diseases by providing strength and immunity.[32] Rasayanas are beneficial for preventive, promotive, and curative health.[33] Ayurveda also adopts such regimen under Satvavajaya Chikitsa that includes various codes of conduct (Aachara Rasayana)[16] to maintain better mental health. This consists of the factors, namely, speak the truth, speak sweetly, speak with others kindly with a smiling face, take care of others feelings, always giving something to others, do not lose your temper, do not take much stress, do not criticize, do not harm others, etc.
Yoga for mental health
The Yama (restraint), Niyama (discipline), Asana (posture), Pranayam (controlling breathing), Pratyahara (withdrawal of senses from objects), Dharana (concentration), Dhyana (meditation), and Samadhi (absorption of consciousness in self) are the eightfold path of Yoga for controlling mind as part of preventing and curing mental ill health.[34] When done properly, it calms the mind and stimulates the neurological and endocrine systems as well as the function of the internal organs. Bhramari Pranayam generates a certain spectrum of vibration which influences the body function in such a way that it can maintain the integrity of the body. It induces a condition of mental quiet and tranquility and relaxes the neurological system. The physical and psychological stress and strain during a hectic day can be suitably addressed through a few minutes of Savasana’s practice.[2]
Panchakarma and mental health
The Panchakarma, bio-cleansing the five therapy procedures, are very much useful in mental disorders. During panchakarma, the deeply accumulated morbid disease-causing material is removed. It is believed that the morbid toxic material collected in the long term passes the brain barrier, causing mental disorders.[35]
In Ayurveda, certain herbs are mentioned, which possesses excellent effects in treating mental disorders and improve brain efficiency.
- Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri).[36]
- Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera).[37]
- Vacha (Acorus calamus).[38]
- Mandukparni (Hydrocotyle asiatica).[39]
- Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis).[40]
- Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus).[41]
- Jatamansi (Nordostachys jatamansi).[42]
- Tagara (Valeriana wallichi/V. officinales).[43]
| Discussion | | |
Like body disorder, a mental disease is very common. Anyone can be suffered from a mental disease in any phase of life. Based on Adhisthana, (site) disease are of two types Sharirika (somatic) and Mansika (psyche).[44] Mental health is directly proportional to unrest in life, over workload, stress, not fulfilling of dreams or wishes. Inborn disease, chromosomal disorder, posttraumatic amnesia, postinfection consequence are other causes of mental disease. Charka Samhita of Nidaansthan chapter 7 and 8, Chikitsasthan 9 and 10 and Sushruta Samhita Uttar Tantra chapter 61 and 62 are completely dedicated to mental disorder. Some other mental disorders and other information related to cause are mentioned in a scattered manner in different chapters in all Samhitas. In the Ayurveda, all type of body diseases is treated by Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa[45] and mental disease is treated by Devvypashrraya (pray to God), Satwajaya (follow good conduct), and Yuktivypashraya Chikitsa (pharmacological interventional) methods. In Satwaja Chikitsa, chatting of secret verse, Yajaya, Hawana, holy ritual, planetary gems, wearing and journeys to pilgrims, etc. are included.[46] In Aushadha Chikitsa Panchkarma, brain efficiency improving medicine (Rasayana therapies) are done. In Satwaja Chikitsa, Sadvritta (code of conduct) and Aachara Rasayan advised along with replacement or control of emotions. Raja and Tama are the Manshika Dosha responsible for diseases like Kaam (lust), Krodha (anger), Lobha (greed), Moha (delusion), Irshaya (jealousy), Maan (pride), Mada (neurosis), Shoka (grief), Chinta (anxiety), Udwaga (neurosis), Bhaya (fear), and Harsha (Euphoria). Previously said two dosha if vitiated by Sharisra Dosa cause Unmad (psychosis), Apasmara (epilepsy), Aptantraka (hysteria), Atatwaabhinivash (obsession), Bhrama (vertigo), Kalama (neuresthenia), Madd (psychoneurosis), Murcha (fainting), Sanyasa (coma), Madataya (alcoholism), Gadoudwaga (hypochondriasis), and Sanyasa (phobia). Bhayaja and Shokaja Atisar (nervous diarrhea), Kama Jwara and Shokaja (nervous pyrexia), Amavata (rheumatoid arthritis), and Tamak Swasa (bronchial asthama) are examples of psychosomatic disorder explained in the Ayurveda.[47] Some herbs are used in the treatment of mental disorders for a very long time like Sarpgandha (Rauvolfia serpentina), Shakhpuspi (Convolvulus pluricaulis), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), Brahmi (Bacopa moneri), etc. had proved on the scientific parameter for their efficacy. Different type of Kshobha Chikitsa (psychoshock therapy) is also advocated in some disorders. Very little research work is done on the Ayurvedic treatment of mental disorders so far. But nonpharmaceutical therapeutic, Ayurvedic methods might be used to fasten the recovery of mental disorders if given along with modern treatment.
| Conclusion | | |
Today’s fast and unstable lifestyle has given money but has taken an enormous toll on the physical and mental health of humans. Especially mentally, the person becomes exhausted in a young and seeks salvation. There is no physical basis for the true cause of mental disease. Its treatment focuses more on teaching patients to distinguish between their genuine universal self and the learned impressions that form their false identity than fixing physiological imbalances. Ayurveda and Yoga, if practiced in daily life, has both preventive as well as curative effect. Aachara Rasayana and Sadvritta Palan are of greater relevance in our day-to-day life. The holistic and integrative approach of the Ayush system involving body, mind, and soul is the key attribute for health.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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