Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis(JRA) is defined as a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory arthritis that begins at childhood usually below age of 16 years. The severity of the damaged joints increases as the kid gets older, and the possibility that the condition will become dormant also decreases. The treatment program for an Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis child has to be individualized and likewise requires a team approach. Physiotherapy management for such an individual will provide symptomatic relief and will also prevent long- term complications of the same. Hence the purpose of this article is to review the literature on the role of Physiotherapy in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. We performed a narrative review on the role of physiotherapy in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and discuss the evidence-based studies. For the purpose of the review, an electronic search for relevant articles using PUBMED, MEDLINE, Pedro, Research Gate, Google Scholar and CINHAL databases up to September 2021 was done wherein MeSH search terms and free words were used. In addition to the electronic search, articles were searched manually for relevant studies. Articles were selected based on authors expertise, self- knowledge and reflective practice. Articles published on an online electronic database were included. We included studies published the studies which included physiotherapy as a choice of treatment. The current study included 11 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria suggesting that physiotherapy does a have major role in treating the individuals with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. The above reviewed studies provided evidence that physiotherapy as a mode of treatment is definitely effective in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and debilitating condition of the spine that causes pain, decreased mobility, and deformity. AS primarily affects the axial skeletal system, causing pain and stiffness in the spine, which can lead to functional impairment, disability, and a poor quality of life. AS assessment formulates an outcome measure to check the disease process and impairment in individuals, and to identify the rapid progressive ones. It also measures the effectiveness of therapies and treatment. The purpose of this review was to find the current status of the functional tools used in the assessment of AS. A systematic review was done to study the functional assessment tools in patients with AS. Articles were selected based on the relevant topics and went through the selection process. The inclusion criteria of the review were as follows: (1) functional assessment, (2) sensitivity and specificity, (3) reliability, and (4) validity. This study included 11 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and suggested that functional assessment tools are important in AS. Few articles suggest that certain tools are effective in the assessment of domains like pain and physical function, whereas few articles give a good measure of pre- and post-physical therapy and pharmacological intervention. The studies used for the review consisted of scales or questionnaires, which were either qualitative or quantitative type. The reviewed studies provided evidence that it was beneficial for assessing the function. There were a lack of data available in which one assessment tool measured all the parameters of AS. In recent advances, video-based motion capture system has turned out to be an effective modern functional assessment tool in AS.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemical constituent and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of Nisha churna, Amalaki churna, and Nishamalaki churna.Introduction: Nisha churna, Amalaki churna, and Nishamalaki churna are important formulations, which are used in many disorders and a constituent of numerous Ayurvedic formulations. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on Nisha churna, Amalaki churna, and Nishamalaki churna (authenticated), as per standard method. Results: Identification of steroid, alkaloids, and amino acids were confirmed by authenticated phytochemical standard parameter. Conclusion: Physiochemical analysis including HPTLC of Nisha churna, Amalaki churna, and Nishamalaki churna will help in further standardization.

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Thalassemias are hereditary globin-producing diseases caused by mutations in the globin gene. In the Indian subcontinent, it is a major concern, particularly among individuals of lower socioeconomic status. Although there is no curative treatment, frequent blood transfusions are required to delay mortality. Although regular blood transfusions are required, they do have health effects. Secondary hemochromatosis (iron overload) is a condition in which the iron in red blood cells accumulates in various body parts as a result of frequent blood transfusions. Secondary hemochromatosis can cause a range of symptoms depending on the organs involved, but the most common and severe symptom is joint pain, which affects the patient not only physically but also mentally. We treated one patient with this condition using Hiranyatutta, a novel ayurvedic medication, and the outcomes were promising. An 18-year-old boy was suffering from this chronic condition since the last 2 years. Joint discomfort and swelling persisted to the point that the patient’s activities of daily life were hampered. The disease activity score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) rating technique gives a score of 5.8 for the baseline severity. Over 3 months, the patient’s symptoms gradually improved. This condition is identical to Vata-Rakta in the Ayurvedic medical system. Traditional approaches to the potential of successful management are being explored as modern sciences have management constraints. With actions such as Tridoshaghna, Vatashamaka, Raktashod-haka, and Vedanahara, therefore alleviating the signs and symptoms of Vata-Rakta, this drug has a synergistic role in breaking the pathophysiology of Vata-Rakta. Though the condition cannot be completely cured, it can be effectively managed and controlled. Because of the suffering associated with the condition, the costs suffered by the patient, and with the objective of bringing relief to the hurting society from this condition, the use of an ayurvedic holistic approach might be valuable.

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Background: Nutrition is administered via enteral feeding in the form of fluid supplements to overcome malnutrition in hospitalized patients, or enteral tubes are intubated into the stomach and small bowel if the patient is unable to feed orally. The most common procedure performed by doctors across all medical specialties is nasogastric intubation. However, it has its own complications such as nasopharyngeal pain, aspiration, and trauma while insertion of the tube, but the impact of prolonged nasogastric tube feeding on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is unknown. There is paucity of literature focusing on the TMJ; therefore, this study focuses on the correlation of prolonged nasogastric tube feeding and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted among 59 participants. Patients undergoing nasogastric feeding for more than a week and having pain during mouth opening and left right lateral excursion were included in the study. Subjects with previous trauma to TMJ were excluded from study. Patients who were unconscious or uncooperative, had previous trauma to TMJ, and had facial surgery were excluded from the study. Result: Multivariate analysis revealed that there was no significant limitation of range of motions (ROMs; mouth opening [P = 0.232, t = 8.800], protrusion [P = 0.315, t = 17.130], right lateral excursion [P = 0.511, t = 16.768], and left lateral excursion [P = 0.5108, t = 18.143]) when compared to the ROMs at the time of insertion of nasogastric tube and 5–14 days after the removal of nasogastric tube. Also, there was significant TMJ pain. Conclusion: The study concludes that there was a significant correlation between duration of intubation and pain in masticatory muscles such as the temporalis and masseter, and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles and weak correlation between prolonged nasogastric intubation and TMJ movements.

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To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have imposed various interventions such as lockdowns, that was need of the hour but this situation has changed daily regimen which includes less physical activities and may lead to overweight and obesity. It occurs when calorie intake exceeds the metabolic expenditure. So, the aim is to decrease calorie intake and increase the expenditure through Ayurveda Principles, that is, NidanParivarjan (preventive therapy) and Samshodha (purification therapy). A Female visited to D.Y. Patil Ayurvedic Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai for weight reduction as during lockdown period she has gained 12 kg weight, having aalasya, atikshudha, breathing difficulty while climbing, fatigue and knee joint pain. Her weight was 84 kg and BMI was 34.5kg/m². On the basis of BMI and her symptoms it was diagnosed as Medoroga (sthaulya). To manage her weight yoga Asanas and diet chart are explained and two sittings of nine PippalyadiBastiwas given. It was found that PippalyadiBastias samshodhan and yog aasanas, diet chart as nidanparivarjanare effective in the management of Medoroga. Patient lost 12kg weight.

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As evidenced in Hahnemann’s writings, Epidemic diseases were successfully managed by homoeopathic system of medicine. In the footnote 17 of aphorism 33, Organon of medicine, where in Hahnemann explained the prevention of scarlet fever using Belladonna. Thereafter, many homoeopaths successfully managed several epidemics, at different points of time and at different parts of the globe. Even though Hippocrates used the notional axiom, Genius Epidemicus, Hahnemann utilized it successfully for the management of epidemics. In this review, all the available homoeopathic literature was searched to find out the historical evidence of the homoeopathic medicines which were successfully utilized during epidemics and pandemics. Presently, the entire world is facing novel COVID-19, as a pandemic disease since its emergence from Wuhan in late 2019. The conventional systems of medicines across the world have been trying to control the pandemic, but none have succeeded. Vaccinations are introduced for prevention of COVID-19, only on Emergency Usage Approvals, as the real data about their efficacy and the collateral damage induced by them, is yet to be studied. However, globally many homoeopaths have reported to have managed COVID-19 disease with different homoeopathic medicines. There have been different approaches towards the prevention, management and treatment of this pandemic, which have been subject of intense scrutiny and discussion, all over. The present review is aimed not only to bring forward the success stories of homoeopathy during the past epidemics, but also about homoeopathy being utilized for prevention, as well as treatment in the current pandemic.

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Introduction: Jarana and Marana processes are mentioned for making Bhasma in metals having low melting point such as Naga, Vanga, and Yashada. No research work was done stating the physiochemical and elemental changes happening after Jarana, as well as Ariloha (Haratala) marita and Parda marita Vanga Bhasma (VB). The present study deals with the preparation of VB by three different methods and physiochemical analysis at each stage of preparation. Materials and Methods: Three types of test drugs Vanaspati jarita VB (VB-A), Vanaspati Jarita, Haralal Marita VB (VB-B), and Parada, Haratal Marita VB (VB-C), were prepared as per the guidelines of pharmaceutics of Ayurveda. Discussion and Results: The organoleptic characters of the raw, shodhit, Jarita Vanga, and VB were then studied, followed by the elemental assay, and the changes in the elemental constituents were compared and studied with the elemental constituents of Asuddha Vanga, Shodhit Vanga, and VB (Haratal and Parada marita). Rekhapurnata was found after Jaran stage, and it increased after Maran process. VB-B and -C passed all the classical organoleptic parameters. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy research shows Sn and O as main ingredients, and Hg was present in VB-C. All of the Bhasma samples included Fe, Pt, and Si. Conclusion: Despite being smooth to the touch and devoid of heavy metals, Jarita vanga does not satisfy all the standards of classical Bhasma parikshas. For a patient’s safe consumption, VB made using the Putapaka method may be recommended. VB prepared using any of these techniques could produce nanoparticle-sized particles.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is described as a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The increasing prevalence and incidence of DM in developing countries are due to the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes, including a “Western-style” diet. However, the exact mechanism is not clearly understood to date. DM is classified broadly into type 1 DM (insulin-dependent DM), which is 5%–10% of all cases, and type 2 DM (noninsulin-dependent DM), which accounts for 90%–95% of all cases of DM. Globally, as of 2013, an estimated 382 million people have type 2 DM making up about 90% of the cases. This is equal to 8.3% of the adult population. In 2015, there were 5 million deaths from DM, that is, in every 6 s one person dies from it. It is the eighth leading cause of death. The evidence given by American Universities Group Diabetes Program suggests that conventional treatment can contribute to early death. Alternatively, homoeopathic intervention being safe and cost-effective, it was proposed to explore the role of an organ remedy Insulinum in reducing the blood sugar level and improving the quality of life of such patients suffering from type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, observational, nonrandomized, noncontrolled, single-blind clinical trial. Results: Of 155 patients, 50 patients (36 males and 14 females) with type 2 DM were enrolled in the study. After a follow-up period of 12 months of treatment, the analysis was done. In the study population, the fasting blood sugar (FBS) baseline mean value was 7.5 mmol/L, which was reduced to 6.7 mmol/L, and the postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) baseline mean value was 11.6 mmol/L, which was reduced to 10.5 mmol/L at the end of treatment. The mean haemoglobin (HbA1C)% value was 8.066% at the baseline, whereas at the end of the treatment, it was reduced to 6.656% and the baseline DM mean score (based on cardinal symptoms of DM) was 8.8, which was reduced to 2.02 at the end of the treatment. Conclusion: The hypoglycemic effect of homoeopathic organ remedy Insulinum during the treatment of type 2 DM was confirmed through this study. The medicine was also helped to improve the quality of life of the patients.

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Background: Studies have demonstrated various barriers present for players and athletes such as physical injuries, mental health, inter-personal relationship, physical appearance, gender barrier, lack of societal acceptance, non-disclosure of religious beliefs, low socio-economic status, and so on. Cricket is the most popular game in India. In a country of 1.4 billion, almost millions of people love to play cricket and support the players. But, very few studies entail various barriers faced by the cricketers. Hence, the aim of the current study is to identify the most prevalent barrier for the participation restriction in state level cricketers in present times. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 male cricketers were recruited on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome measures such as exercise benefit and barrier scale, SF-36 questionnaire, perceived stress scale, and Zung-self rating depression questionnaire were introduced to the players immediately after noting the demographic data. Results: The results showed statistically significance with Exercise benefit and barrier scale with P value 0.05 and 36-Item Short Form Survey questionnaire with P value 0.0001 and negative significance between Perceived stress scale with P value of 0.189 and Zung self-rating depression questionnaire with P value 1.291. Conclusion: The study concluded that exercise and general health of the athletes are not getting affected but stress and depression are more prevalent in state level cricketers.

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Sushruta Samhita, written by Maharshi Sushruta, is one of the oldest Ayurvedic texts dedicated to surgical procedures along with other medical disciplines. Prognostic knowledge is documented in the 28th to 33rd chapters of Sutra Sthana of Sushruta Samhita (SSS). Vipareeta Vrana Vijnaaneeyam (VVV) is the 28th chapter of SSS, and it consists of 21 verses that deal with the prognostic assessment of wounds. The present work is aimed to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the contents of VVV chapter with the help of contemporary prognostic literature available on the wounds. Elaborate description is available regarding the prognostic assessment of wounds based on various parameters such as wound odor, color, pain, temperature, shape, size, location, granulation tissue, associated complications, underlying systemic diseases, etc., in VVV chapter. Gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry or e-nose could be used to analyze various wound odors (Vrana Gandha). Red, Yellow & Black classification tool could be incorporated to standardize Vrana Varna (wound color). Various wound microenvironment indices, such as local pH, uric acid, glucose, lactic acid, etc., could be incorporated in standardizing Vrana Rasa (taste-related indices of wound). Wound, wound bed, and periwound temperatures can be used for understanding Vrana Sparsha (touch-related indices of wounds). Smartphones and digital wound measurements could be used to standardize Vrana Aakriti (shape and size of the wound). Most of the conditions described in VVV chapter denote various infectious, ischemic, chronic, and nonhealing ulcers associated with complications and underlying systemic diseases.

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Slow-onset shoulder pain, localized discomfort close to the deltoid insertion, an inability to sleep on the affected side, limited or restricted glenohumeral elevation and external rotation, and a normal radiological appearance are the primary symptoms of frozen shoulder. Although there is no known cause, variety of interventions have been used primarily due to the prolonged state of pain and disability. This systematic review evaluates and addresses the evidence-based physiotherapy management and challenges respectively for early and complete recovery of adhesive capsulitis patients. Six databases were searched for this systematic review and all were randomized control trials. Each study’s risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. This systematic review was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes design. Studies from 2000 to 2022 were considered for this systematic review. A total of 568 participants from 14 studies were included in the systematic review. Utilizing outcome measures such as visual analog scale, shoulder pain and disability index, SF-36, shoulder kinematics, and shoulder function questionnaire, the effectiveness of physiotherapy management was evaluated in these 14 research studies. The most frequent results included improvements in shoulder function, pain relief, and range of motion. According to the research cited in the current systematic review, patients with adhesive capsulitis respond very favorably to a combination of mobilization, proprioceptive neuromuscular technique, task-specific training, and modalities.

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Background: Most of Ayurveda medicines are effective, but they require standardization. Standardization of an herbal formulation is essential to assess the quality of drugs, based on the physicochemical standards and pharmacognostical parameters. Maintaining the quality of any traditional formulation or pharmaceutical product is need of hours to ensure the safety of the patient. A pharmaceutical product that does not meet the required standards can cause a serious threat to public health and safety. Here, an attempt has been made to set preliminary pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical parameters along with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of one of the novel herbal formulations named Guduchyadi Vati for the treatment of JatajaPrameha (juvenile diabetes). Objective: To evaluate and establish the pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters of Guduchyadi Vati.Materials and Methods: Preauthenticated raw drugs were procured and prepared at the Pharmacy, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar. Organoleptic parameters and microscopic analysis of Guduchyadi Vati were done at Pharmacognosy Department, ITRA, Jamnagar. Physicochemical analysis of tablet and HPTLC were done at the Pharmaceutical Laboratory, ITRA, Jamnagar. Results: Microscopic features of Guduchyadi Vati were cross-checked with The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India standards of individual ingredients, and it was found that all characteristics remain intake. In pharmaceutical parameters, the pH value was 6.5, water-soluble extract was 25.55%, alcohol-soluble extract was 10.32%, ash value was 12.37%, and loss on drying was 0.16%w/w. HPTLC at 254 and 366 nm showed 3 and 16 spots, respectively. Conclusions: This study generated preliminary data on pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters of Guduchyadi Vati. These fingerprints could be useful for future researchers to the reproduction of this formulation as quality control parameters for Guduchyadi Vati are not available in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India or the public domain.

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Along with physical condition, mental health serves as an analytical indicator of an individual’s overall well-being. But over time, we develop some habits and behaviors that contribute to mental illness. These behaviors include anxiety and depression. Risk factors for mental illness include a diet low in nutrients, stress, lethargy, bad habits (such as abusing drugs, alcohol, or other substances), and insufficient sleep. The burden of providing healthcare is significantly impacted by mental illness, which affects a large portion of the global population. The primary goal of Ayurveda is the promotion of health through the prevention and treatment of ailments through the concepts of Ayurvedic and Yoga practices, leading to good physical and mental health. Aachara Rasayana, Sadvrutta, Aasana, and Pranayama are beneficial for promoting and preventing mental diseases as well as maintaining good mental health. Ancient sciences like Ayurveda and Yoga mention Daivavyapashraya (mantra chanting), the performance of various Homas (sacrifices), Yuktivyapashrya (use of medications and diet), and Satwavajaya (efforts to control the abnormal mental activity by the practice of Yama, Niyama, Aasana, and Pranayama).

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